Drizzle | SQL 时间戳作为默认值
本指南假定您熟悉

PostgreSQL

要在 PostgreSQL 中将当前时间戳设置为默认值,可以使用 defaultNow() 方法或 sql 操作符配合 now() 函数,后者返回带有时区的当前日期和时间。

import { sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { timestamp, pgTable, serial } from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core';

export const users = pgTable('users', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  timestamp1: timestamp('timestamp1').notNull().defaultNow(),
  timestamp2: timestamp('timestamp2', { mode: 'string' })
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`now()`),
});
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "users" (
	"id" serial PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
	"timestamp1" timestamp DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
	"timestamp2" timestamp DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
);

mode 选项定义了如何在应用程序中处理值。string 模式的值在应用程序中被视为 string,但在数据库中以时间戳形式存储。

// Data stored in the database
+----+----------------------------+----------------------------+
| id |         timestamp1         |         timestamp2         |
+----+----------------------------+----------------------------+
| 1  | 2024-04-11 14:14:28.038697 | 2024-04-11 14:14:28.038697 |
+----+----------------------------+----------------------------+
// Data returned by the application
[
  {
    id: 1,
    timestamp1: 2024-04-11T14:14:28.038Z, // Date object
    timestamp2: '2024-04-11 14:14:28.038697' // string
  }
]

要在 PostgreSQL 中将 Unix 时间戳设置为默认值,可以使用 sql 操作符配合 extract(epoch from now()) 函数,后者返回自 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 以来的秒数。

import { sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { integer, pgTable, serial } from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core'

export const users = pgTable('users', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  timestamp: integer('timestamp')
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`extract(epoch from now())`),
});
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "users" (
	"id" serial PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
	"timestamp" integer DEFAULT extract(epoch from now()) NOT NULL
);
// Data stored in the database
+----+------------+
| id | timestamp  |
+----+------------+
|  1 | 1712846784 |
+----+------------+
// Data returned by the application
[ 
  { 
    id: 1, 
    timestamp: 1712846784 // number
  } 
]

MySQL

要在 MySQL 中将当前时间戳设置为默认值,可以使用 defaultNow() 方法或 sql 操作符配合 now() 函数,后者返回当前日期和时间 (YYYY-MM-DD HH-MM-SS)

import { sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { mysqlTable, serial, timestamp } from 'drizzle-orm/mysql-core';

export const users = mysqlTable('users', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  timestamp1: timestamp('timestamp1').notNull().defaultNow(),
  timestamp2: timestamp('timestamp2', { mode: 'string' })
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`now()`),
  timestamp3: timestamp('timestamp3', { fsp: 3 }) // fractional seconds part
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`now(3)`),
});
CREATE TABLE `users` (
	`id` serial AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
	`timestamp1` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
	`timestamp2` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
	`timestamp3` timestamp(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT now(3),
	CONSTRAINT `users_id` PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
);

fsp 选项定义了时间戳中包含的毫秒(小数秒)位数。默认值为 0mode 选项定义了如何在应用程序中处理值。string 模式的值在应用程序中被视为 string,但在数据库中以时间戳形式存储。

// Data stored in the database
+----+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+
| id | timestamp1          | timestamp2          | timestamp3              |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+
|  1 | 2024-04-11 15:24:53 | 2024-04-11 15:24:53 | 2024-04-11 15:24:53.236 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+
// Data returned by the application
[
  {
    id: 1,
    timestamp1: 2024-04-11T15:24:53.000Z, // Date object
    timestamp2: '2024-04-11 15:24:53', // string
    timestamp3: 2024-04-11T15:24:53.236Z // Date object
  }
]

要在 MySQL 中将 Unix 时间戳设置为默认值,可以使用 sql 操作符配合 unix_timestamp() 函数,后者返回自 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 以来的秒数。

import { sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { mysqlTable, serial, int } from 'drizzle-orm/mysql-core';

export const users = mysqlTable('users', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  timestamp: int('timestamp')
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`(unix_timestamp())`),
});
CREATE TABLE `users` (
	`id` serial AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
	`timestamp` int NOT NULL DEFAULT (unix_timestamp()),
	CONSTRAINT `users_id` PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
);
// Data stored in the database
+----+------------+
| id | timestamp  |
+----+------------+
|  1 | 1712847986 |
+----+------------+
// Data returned by the application
[ 
  { 
    id: 1, 
    timestamp: 1712847986 // number
  } 
]

SQLite

要在 SQLite 中将当前时间戳设置为默认值,可以使用 sql 操作符配合 current_timestamp 常量,后者返回当前 UTC 日期和时间的文本表示 (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)

import { sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { integer, sqliteTable, text } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core';

export const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: integer('id').primaryKey(),
  timestamp: text('timestamp')
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`(current_timestamp)`),
});
CREATE TABLE `users` (
	`id` integer PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
	`timestamp` text DEFAULT (current_timestamp) NOT NULL
);
// Data stored in the database
+----+---------------------+
| id | timestamp           |
+----+---------------------+
|  1 | 2024-04-11 15:40:43 |
+----+---------------------+
// Data returned by the application
[
  {
    id: 1,
    timestamp: '2024-04-11 15:40:43' // string
  }
]

要在 SQLite 中将 Unix 时间戳设置为默认值,可以使用 sql 操作符配合 unixepoch() 函数,后者返回自 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 以来的秒数。

import { sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { integer, sqliteTable } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core';

export const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: integer('id').primaryKey(),
  timestamp1: integer('timestamp1', { mode: 'timestamp' })
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`(unixepoch())`),
  timestamp2: integer('timestamp2', { mode: 'timestamp_ms' })
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`(unixepoch() * 1000)`),
  timestamp3: integer('timestamp3', { mode: 'number' })
    .notNull()
    .default(sql`(unixepoch())`),
});
CREATE TABLE `users` (
	`id` integer PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
	`timestamp1` integer DEFAULT (unixepoch()) NOT NULL,
	`timestamp2` integer DEFAULT (unixepoch() * 1000) NOT NULL,
	`timestamp3` integer DEFAULT (unixepoch()) NOT NULL
);

mode 选项定义了如何在应用程序中处理值。在应用程序中,timestamptimestamp_ms 模式的值被视为 Date 对象,但在数据库中以整数形式存储。它们的不同之处在于,timestamp 处理秒,而 timestamp_ms 处理毫秒。

// Data stored in the database
+------------+------------+---------------+------------+
| id         | timestamp1 | timestamp2    | timestamp3 |
+------------+------------+---------------+------------+
| 1          | 1712835640 | 1712835640000 | 1712835640 |
+------------+------------+---------------+------------+
// Data returned by the application
[
  {
    id: 1,
    timestamp1: 2024-04-11T11:40:40.000Z, // Date object
    timestamp2: 2024-04-11T11:40:40.000Z, // Date object
    timestamp3: 1712835640 // number
  }
]